A hydrocele is a fluid-filled swelling that develops around the testicle, causing enlargement or heaviness in the scrotum. Proper diagnosis and timely treatment can help relieve discomfort and address the underlying condition effectively.
A hydrocele occurs when fluid collects in the thin sac surrounding a testicle, causing swelling in the scrotum. It may occur in newborns or develop later in life. A hydrocele is often painless but can cause heaviness, discomfort or noticeable enlargement of the scrotum.
Hydrocele may develop when there is an imbalance in the production and absorption of fluid around the testicle. In adults, it can sometimes occur following injury, inflammation or infection of the testicle or surrounding structures. In some cases, no specific cause can be identified.
Diagnosis usually begins with a medical history and physical examination of the scrotum. Your doctor may examine the swelling and assess the testicles. Additional tests such as an ultrasound may be recommended to confirm the presence of fluid and rule out other causes of scrotal swelling.
Consult a doctor if you notice new or increasing swelling in the scrotum, persistent discomfort, heaviness or changes in the size of a testicle. Sudden or severe scrotal pain or rapidly developing swelling requires prompt medical evaluation to rule out other urgent conditions.
Treatment depends on the size of the hydrocele, symptoms, underlying cause and overall health. Small hydroceles that do not cause symptoms may sometimes be monitored, while persistent or symptomatic hydroceles may require surgical treatment.